Yuanmingyuan Hiroshi (3)

There are a distinctive feature of the Yuanmingyuan, that is, a large number of imitation was built across the country, especially south of the many well-known park attraction. Emperor Qianlong had six trip to the south Jiangsu and Zhejiang Hongli, five patrol the West on many occasions, the East Tour daiyue, cruise Jehol, Mukden (ie, Shenyang), and winding and so on.Every year on a land, where his favorite mountain wins water, famous garden scenes, let the accompanying artist ġ plotted map, returned to Beijing after the park imitating. According to incomplete statistics, the Yuanmingyuan garden landscape, there are direct copies of no less than forty to fifty Office. Hangzhou West Lake, even the name is also intact building in the park all fake. As the saying goes: Who Road, Jiangnan landscape better, shift-day reduction in the Huai-jun. 
    After the Qianlong emperor's southern tour in the Summer Palace has built four southern fake famous garden. One of them is Alan Fuhai Northwest Park. Twenty-seven years, when Emperor Qianlong's southern tour, 曾以 Haining Chen's corner garden as a line of Pavilion and Ciming "tranquil garden." Hong Li is like the garden structure, Jia Miao, returned to Beijing after four should book store in the Summer Palace is about imitation alterations and increase its position.Sononari later, title called "tranquil garden" was built in imitation another three famous garden, park in Changchun. One is the Qianlong twenty-three years, at thinking fast the East Wing Center, modeled on West Lake in Hangzhou Wang's garden one day built a small garden; a yes Qianlong Sanshiernian, modeled Jiangning (that is, Nanjing) Zhanyuan built, such as Park; a thirty-seven years is the Emperor Qianlong, modeled on a famous garden in Suzhou built in the Lion Grove. Such as parks and Lion Grove, are respectively more than 16 scenic spots.Yuanmingyuan Xifeng Xiuse is Yongzheng and Qianlong Emperor 2 each seventh day in July, based Tanabata Qiao banquet areas. Here you can view the Western Hills, by far, the West Bank there is a group of overlapping mountains, pine Luan Jun Zhi, waterfalls and streams into the next emergency. In this last view is like looking up the steep Lushan Zhi momentum, taking the name "Little Kuang Lu." Sat stone clinical flow, imitate the Orchid Pavilion, Shaoxing Hueiji Sanin. Yongzheng was built in North Korea, commonly known as flow cup pavilion. Dongjin Wang Xizhi and other literati who had nine years in March 3 Yonghe (ie, had the day), will Hueiji Orchid Pavilion, the pipa, and write poetry repair wedge (the festival), transferred for the elephants. Yuanmingyuan this Orchid Pavilion, in the Chek stream, the rocks Qiao column, shock wave sub-note, have three bay of double eaves and spacious booths. Qianlong Forty-four years, collected from ancient masters of calligraphy, "Lanting Xu" posts 6, along with scholar and Hong Li Yu Min in his own handwriting, together the "Orchid Pavilion 8 column volumes."Emperor Qianlong converted into all directions so that the Citing and replaced with stone pillars, each pillar carved a quote, this is the famous Summer Palace Pavilion 8 columns. Kuoran Grand Duke, later general term for Double-Crane, fasting, and imitation of Chi Chang Yuan Wuxi Huishan built. King of the northern half of this is the mid-Qianlong, along the lines of quiet winding stone chamber of Yunlin send Hills rocks, Stones made of. Jiaqing praise poetry, "Double-Crane vegetarian": the structure of deep imitation Huishan years, famous throughout the leisurely and carefree garden Chi Chang. Qu Xi Qiao Xisongyoumao, holes in the rugged stone is not stupid. People know that the harmonic walled Summer Palace is the imitation Hyesan Send Chang Park built, in fact, was built in the Summer Palace is also fake Jichang Garden.Only two unique styles imitating mood. Wuling Spring, depict the Tao, "Land of Peach Blossoms," the art of mood. Built from the late Kangxi, Yongzheng, when North Korea called Taohuawu, who was reading the local Hong Li, book room called "Lok Sin Tong." Cijing, boasts P.davidiana 10000. Suzhou gate of the old one Taohuawu door, the legendary and enjoy a display of the house. Yuanmingyuan Taohuawu, although Xiyong its name, but the peach of-sheng is far from what can be compared to Wu. 
    Been sent to Yuanming three parks at a total of one hundred garden and landscape garden buildings, known as 100 King. Assembly hall, pavilion, pavilions, Xuan pavilion, hall, fasting Gallery veranda and other landscape architecture, a total of about 16 million square meters. All over the National Palace Museum for more than 10,000 square meters building area. Park buildings, not only absorbed the advantages of ancient palace-style architecture, but also in the plane configuration, exterior shape, the group broke through the combination of many aspects of official norms of restraint, consulted extensively with gaming, in various forms. Create a number of north and south in China are extremely rare architectural forms, such as word-Xuan, Mei-yue-Xuan, Tian Temple characters, as well as fan-shaped, bow-shaped face, Yuan Jing-shaped, industrial-shaped, mountain-shaped, cross, square W-shaped, scroll-shaped and so on.Coupled with the garden layout, with the potential for King, strange things; garden ring ring relative to the scene also sets into the deep layers, forming a rich, natural and harmonious as a whole the United States. French missionary Attiret, there was a description of the image, he said: Yuanmingyuan, architecture, form is much more varied and uneven, follow the beaten track. Each of its a small palace, are as if made in accordance with exotic models, such as random arrangement, there is no one with the other one identical. All this interest, one can not list below, you appreciate the piece of scenery, we must study it carefully and bit by bit. 
    Yuanmingyuan temple gardens, also reflects one aspect of China's ancient culture. Anyou Palace (Hong Ci Yong-hu), according to Ting Huang Jingshan Temple built in the old cases.Used to Ji Feng Kangxi, Yongzheng Emperor "God Royal" is the royal ancestral hall park.Palace 9, main ridge of the double eaves and Xie Shan, yellow glazed tiles cover the top, is the largest body of a park building. Qiao Yan around the lid, in the axis of the southern tip of China, there are two tables, to give people a sense of solemn, square pots shengjing, located in the northeast Gulf coast Fuhai is based on fantasy in the construction of our imaginative powers Joan Court, according to historical records, where enshrines the more than 2,200 Buddha statues, there are more than 30 pagodas. Here the base of the front of the building brick structure with white marble "mountain" shape, stretching from the water. Body as a whole building huge, magnificent. Whenever the early morning mist, the building when the smoke when you are hidden, like Joan Tower Yaotai general. Here the style and momentum building, the existing landscape architecture in China as rare. Sravasti, is a typical Buddhist architecture.In ancient India is said to be modeled on the layout of the bridge Kocala capital construction, the city a total of temples, houses 326. Since the reign of Emperor Kangxi, whenever the Emperor, Empress birthday, his ministers into the instructions from the Buddha are kept here.Including gold, and silver, and jade carving, copper and plastic, and year after year, were as high as the number of 100,000. Yuanmingyuan was looted burned down, only the losses caused by such a premises, in terms of economic value or the value of arts and culture, are difficult to estimate the number. 
    The Qing emperor in order to pursue a wide range of fun park in Changchun, northern boundary area has also introduced a European-style landscape architecture, commonly known as "Western House", by the harmonic Trolltech, line method Bridge, 10000 flower array, and raised their cages, square appearance, the sea Yan Tang, Yuan-ying concept, flood method, concept of water law, line and line-France France mountain walls, composed of more than ten architecture and gardens. Twelve years in the Qianlong (1747) began planning to twenty-four years (1759) was basically completed. Soil by Western missionary Giuseppe Castiglione, Jiangyou Ren, Wang Cheng and other design guidelines, the Chinese craftsmen to build.Architectural forms of the late Renaissance in Europe, "Baroque" style, the garden's form "Lenotre" style. However, the garden and architectural decoration also draws on many traditional practices in China. 
    Western House, the main body, in fact, artificial fountain, said that "Water Act." Is characterized by quantity, the momentum of large, structure-Si-qi rely. Formed mainly harmonic Trolltech, sea Yan Tang, and flood a large fountain France 3 groups, rather Shu Fun. 
    Harmonic Trolltech: It is sixteen years Qianlong built the first buildings fall, subject to three levels, a large-scale sea-floor south hall-style fountain, with bronze geese, sheep, and Western Copper fish turned tail composed of stone fountain. Floor, left and right, from the Qulang out octagonal hall, is a place where Chinese and Western music playing. 
    Hai Yan Tang: It is the largest palace of Western floor. Main building at the main entrance to the west, the order in front of large pools, pool-shaped row of about eight was cited with 12 Shoumian personal statue (rat, cow, tiger, rabbit, dragon, snake, horse, sheep, monkey, chicken, dog , pigs, it is our 12 Zodiac), each followed by day and night cease streaming fountain, each one hour (2 hours), noon time, zodiac fountain together, commonly known as "water clock." This naked statue of the West with the zodiac instead of the careful design, it is foreign things serve China, East-meets-a masterpiece. 
    Flood method: Western House is the most spectacular fountain. Building shape for the stone niches type, exactly like openings. Below there is a large lion head fountain, forming seven curtain. Before the bottom of the oval daisy-style fountains, pools Center has a bronze deer, antlers water spraying from the 8; two copper commission has 10 dogs, emitted from the mouth water column, direct deer body, layers of spray splashes. Commonly known as "hounds chase the deer." Flood left and right in front of France, each with a huge spray tower, tower is square, thirteen, the top spray water column, tower surrounded by 88 copper to, are also together fountain. At that time, the emperor was sitting across the concept of water law, ornamental fountain in this group, the British envoy Macartney, Netherlands envoys victorious and so on, have here, "pay their last respects" over the water method wonders. If all this is said to open at Fountain, like flash floods, Shengwen li Xu, in the vicinity to make a gesture conversation, its grandeur can be imagined. 
    10000 flower troupes, is a replica of Europe, built a garden maze. Its main features are: four feet high with the word pattern carved brick wall, separated into a number of Road, a trap, so called "Blossoms array." Sheng, whenever Mid-Autumn Festival night, the Qing emperor sitting in front center of the circular pavilion, the ladies beaten up carrying a yellow colored silk lotus lamp, routing gallop, first come, will receive the emperor's reward objects. So, also known as yellow or yellow lantern array. Although the kiosks from the entrance to the center distance of only 30 meters in diameter, but this matrix to easily escape easily into a dead end, the Qing emperor sitting height, Si Wang Lotus lamp eastward Sribhumi, cited as pleasure. 
    Western floor area, the park covers an area of not more than sent to Yuanming three one-fiftieth of the total land area of only a small part only. But it is our country into a film imitating a successful attempt to European gardens. This is the history of our gardens, in the East-West exchanges in the history of gardens have played an important role. Its construction has aroused strong repercussions in Europe. A missionary in Western Europe witnessed its soil praise Western House: set in a beautiful good fun, all one can to the fantasy, the magnificent fountains and exotic everything, the largest among them with the Chateau de Versailles and St. Claudius church Fountain neck and neck. The missionaries concluded that: Yuanmingyuan who is also China's Palace of Versailles. 
    Yuanmingyuan garden in ancient China embodies the essence of art is the best one was a large garden. Qianlong it: "real spiritual treasure of the area prematurely, the emperor Yu Yu place, no to more than this." And the history of landscape architecture in the world also occupies an important position. His reputation spread to Europe, known as the "garden of the garden." Great French writer Victor Hugo in 1861, such assessment: "You just to imagine it is a matter of heart fascinating, and as the moon, like the castle building, Summer Palace (referring to the Summer Palace) is such a building." People are often so said: Parthenon in Greece, Egypt has pyramids, Rome Colosseum, the Orient Palace. "" This is an amazing unique masterpiece. " 
    Summer Palace, famous for not only gardens, but also a royal museum collection is extremely rich in cultural treasures be called. Victor Hugo once said: "Even if our country (France), Notre Dame all the treasures of all together, we can not with this large-scale and the splendid Church of the East-huang, comparable to the museum." Luxury fine garden furnishings, and has collected a large number of art treasures . According to describe Westerners witnessed the Yuanmingyuan, "Wealthy glory of the garden scene, non-color surmise that I can describe, nor the Europeans could imagine." "All kinds of valuable treasures, are the accumulation of this royal house, among the 1000 million." Finest of the red sandalwood carved furniture, fine porcelain and enamel pattern of ancient broken bottle lights, weaving gold silver brocade weaving, carpet, leather goods, gold-plated gold of French clock, the overall plan exquisite Summer Palace, precious stones embedded system Shooters maps, landscape characters lifelike plaque, as well as their various other fine art products and Europe's various kinds of absurd decorations, everything. 
    Yuanmingyuan within the collection of books rich heritage, is to name a few. Wenyuan Pavilion, is a replica of Ningbo Tianyi Pavilion was built a collection of Fan House, the famous Royal Pavilion, one of the North 4, was built in Qianlong four decades. Pavilion in the collection Qian Long Qin definition of "Si Ku Quan Shu" and the Emperor Kangxi "Ancient and Modern Book integration" of one. "Si Ku Quan Shu" is one of ancient China's largest integrated series, to close the book 34O0 kinds, nearly 8 million volumes, more than 36,000 volumes. The embodiment of our country's ancient civilization, showing the Chinese nation's great spirit. For "book" chapter Zhi vast, when they choose their particular to persons, compiled "Si Ku Quan Shu-hui to", namely, 12000. "Hui to" copy a total of 2, one stored in the Forbidden City wield algae Hall, another collection in Changchun by the Church of the East Room with garden "taste sweet, the book room." In addition, with well-known outside through the hall there is a Wenxuan - Chunhua Hin, is designed for the famous collection Fateh "Chunhua Ge quote" ġ version built."House quote," was originally a North Ningchun of three years (992 years) inscription, including Wang Xizhi, Wang Xian's even Cang Jie, Xia Yu, Confucius and other 99 people were traces of calligraphy. Quote sub-Shi Juan, is China's first large-scale cluster software, and known as the ancestor of various posts. Qianlong period, according to "Club Tie" Song "thanks to the early extension of this," having fine after the trial was set to carry out hook stone inscription. Took three years to thirty-seven years Qianlong (1772) spring, will quote the inscription of the 144 version, mounted on a Chunhua Xuan corridor before the 24 or so into. This is the famous "Qianlong carved Chunhua Pavilion re-quote." Needless to say, robbed destroyed Yuanmingyuan, the Garden collection of "Si Ku Quan Shu", "book-hui to", "integration of ancient and modern books," "Chunhua Ge quote," ġ edition of rare books and other relics, are not spared. From a different perspective is reflected in the imperialist invaders burned the Summer Palace, on the human culture of the enormous damage caused. 
    Of course, that everything will not be perfect. Yuanmingyuan so great that North Korea is again a few emperors gradually expanded and renovated, coupled with awareness of the impact of the decadent feudal emperors, regardless of the perspective from which is also still insufficient. But on the whole, the Summer Palace is indeed a very good quality gardens. It can be said that it set several thousand years of China's best garden art Dacheng, classical gardens in our country to a new level. At that time, who witnessed the flourishing of people, say it really is good. Some Westerners, on the Chinese garden with admiration, but also it is from the Summer Palace began. In short, Yuanmingyuan won for us to honor this ancient civilization, was once the pride of the Chinese nation! 
    However, it is this world-famous garden, went so far in the Xianfeng decade, that is 1860 in October, was the brutal Anglo-French allied forces looted the burned, and has become a humiliation on the history of modern history.