In Chengde, the Qing Palace Museum collection of many artifacts, including the times from Dorgon Junji left to the Queen's arms, pro-military weapons, but a bow and arrow, Dao Mao, or even Spiked Club. These weapons are very heavy thick, a modern man, probably not even think to make robust animals suffer even more incredible look. For example Jiancu with children's hands so much, Yaiba is simply a large iron bar, looks like Yang Guo sword ... ... What kind of people can use the equipment, ah?
In the "Northeast Asia's rise," described in the Shenyang Imperial Palace Museum, the collection of weapons Nurhaci: "half an inch thick on the back, six more than one meters long blade, plus a Chiban long, thick too scary The knife handle, so heavy, so a long knife, text annotation is actually 'Nurhachi used single-pole,'! to that person and his tall, diameter of more than 8 cm wide bow ... like the little fan's " they turned their guns, "slap it wide, more than a dozen centimeters long," Arrow "... ...
The "display weight of the Ming army arrow arrows ninth Nurhaci Queen's" ... ... It is obvious that the Ming army's disadvantage in the cold weapons are clear.
JARED DIAMOND in the "Third Chimpanzee" and "Guns, Germs, and Steel" and pointed out that "the emergence of agriculture makes the community can carry the population increase in the number, but the people's physique has declined, which can be found on the remains of the ancients of evidence. (Turkey before the end of the Ice Age hunter-gatherer communities of men's average height is 177.8 centimeters, to the rise of agriculture 6,000 years ago, down to 160 cm tall, even now not return to the ancient level) This is because the hunter-gatherers wide variety of ethnic foods, protein, vitamins and minerals content properly. while most of the farmer's food crops rich in starch, so get cheap heat, the price paid is malnutrition. "
Heritage Collection and physical analysis show that the state of nomadic hunting and farming culture in the Central Plains has entered the national than in the cold has indeed possess weapons inherent advantages.
So farming civilization against the nomadic tribes to use firearms, but firearms are not mature Ming, Jin Jun assault after the death of soldiers is to use tactics, firearms volley fell after the death of soldiers, and there are scooters, in the 500 meters is only a Zhenqian minutes less time to shoot, even if there is rotation of firing can not guarantee non-face to face, at that time simply by virtue of firearms - gun 丨 firearms (pistol) or a short shot (Buddha Lang machine), we can not achieve full suppression of the role of cavalry, The two branches of the military can not operate independently. The West until this issue is only since the advent of machine guns before 丨 fully resolved, before the era of Napoleon's light cavalry is also important to maneuver forces.
At that time, the Ming Dynasty to deal effectively with the nomadic horsemen is "cars", that is formed with 100 vehicles cars, each car with more artillery pieces, took turns shooting, and not just gun and the Buddha Lang machine gun firing separately. It is worth mentioning that the Ming Dynasty, after the artillery because it is filled, speed was the fastest, because the filling and the quantitative charge is very convenient, and flowering with shotgun shells, the kind of dead soldiers, the charging becomes offensive tactics is very hard for. A multi-arms coordination, if well-trained artillery positions, command properly, the positive can not easily be overcome, but easy to bypass, so there must be cars with, surrounded by their positions on the difficult to break the circle.
Yu Dayou the above tactics are the results after the creation of paoche, he designed the system 丨 paoche made of large Buddha on the Lang machine a small Buddha Lang machine 2, he had command of 100 paoche, Buji 3,500 people at an Bank loses thousands of Tatar cavalry fort, Beijing camp with soldiers from car configuration.
"When the war the car on the outside ring, horse reinforcements consistent on the inside, but outside the camp was re-connected to the barricades outside the gun Feng Ren, do not pick and Ho Ho's in my insurance, without a tendency according to the city and the city In the camp, conditions in order to put firearms Gengfan held, one after another chasing killers three, the Buji delivery, but are surprisingly endless, and the war and before, while the prisoner from a moral one carry on. "
Yu later wrote to his friend Dayou Chi Chi reports: "Recently, military vehicles 3000, when Krupp tens of thousands of its front setback. Edge side of the people, that there is no upright to Bai Shinian If this one wins."
Cars can be seen breaking the cavalry is indeed effective, the formation of such tactics is mainly due to absorption of the Ming Dynasty Buddha Lang machine technology, the conduct of innovation and transformation. Ming Dynasty major equipment firearms - Buddha Lang machine is a post filled artillery, because the use of the metal shell of the breech (somewhat like the old-fashioned open-water bottles with hand-held handle), shooting the gun when the temporary installation of the post - side, firing once, for a breech. Because it is quantitative charge, it will not bore deep-fried and then gold military bombing bore the formolongi be easy because the charge is not quantitative.
Ming Dynasty is the Buddha Lang machine guns attached great importance to, and import less, mostly imitation, and imitation guns of various specifications complete, more than a thousand pounds from the multi-purpose heavy-duty (fortress, field, warships) artillery "Invincible General" to the hundred pounds of the big "Buddha Lang machine", to the tens of pounds of "Little Buddha Lang machine" can pack in the immediate point of discharge, is a completely self-propelled artillery in ancient times, and even has a few catties heavy hands of Shizu "10000Lang Sheng Buddha Machine gun "(with nine sub-gun), while the cavalry pistol with such a child is demonstrating the power of its elite cavalry each equipped with six or more sub-gun, assault firearms, took turns firing the time, is simply the battlefield on the light armored division.
Ming Great Wall unearthed Lang machines of various types of Buddha the large number of firearms in the military backbone of the Ming army. Buddha Lang small-caliber machine guns, to launch canister-based, speed fast, extremely lethal at close range, anti-an area of It is Shoucheng weapon, which "Invincible General" guns may "within each sub-guns, 500 pellets, spread up to 20 more than ten feet." The exploding bullets, cannon to launch by the Hong Yi, after Kim Hatch is the head slave children died of such weapons.
Lang Buddha Machine is equivalent to a short gun, while the red barbarians gun is a long shot, "Ming Shi" recorded: "This was followed (after the gun that the importation of Buddhism Lang), the Atlantic Ocean to the ship, restored cannon, Yue-hong barbarians. Long 2 Zhang Yu, in serious cases to three extremely heavy and can crack Shicheng holes, shock dozens of years. "This gun is obviously a far more long-range artillery body, namely, long guns," long 2 Zhang Yu "(6.6 m) "In severe cases, to three jin" (1.5 tons).
Hung Yi gun as a far longer range guns, the barrel of the rear are mostly fixed, but also filled the front of the fire 丨 drugs and bombs, fired guns into the fire when you need to start 丨 kits and solid fixtures , and then fire with his putter 丨 kits and solid material onto the bottom of the barrel, and then into the shells, and with the fire 丨 kits are closely linked. After everything is ready, from the barrel back at the top of a small hole punctured fire 丨 kits and then lead into the fire 丨 kits, aimed at light after the fire 丨 drugs out of the explosive power of the shells fired, then fired a second gun when the gun barrels need to eliminate the low irrigated Ministry of Mars, dry with a dry cloth, then repeat the process of charge to fill bombs, shooting speed is very slow, if to deal with cavalry assault, it is estimated since someone put a gun had been to the front a.
The Buddha Lang machine gun firing rate faster than the red barbarians more generally with three breech, three guns, if well-trained to be fired in 20 seconds or less finished, there is shrapnel, exploding bullets, the destructiveness of a great, if a large two small co-ordination more difficult to break, speed Qikuai, when Zheng Chenggong attack with the Buddha Machine Dutch Lang Zeelandia, 2,500 rounds of firepower concentrated artillery fire play has a long (red barbarian artillery) in Dutch Tatema give white flag to surrender. With such firepower to deal only with "dead soldiers, assault," the post-Jin Jun, it is simply Tu 丨 kill, so after the King died in a head Nurhachu Ning, followed him, after reimbursement were 17000 gold Army.
But the Buddha Lang machine also has drawbacks, and that is after the gap between the breech and the barrel has tolerance difficult to overcome, and therefore 丨 drug gas leak caused the fire, so do not have the red barbarians long-range artillery, so after the introduction of the red barbarian artillery, Ming Army artillery system is more mature.
Marine in the defensive use of firearms is commonplace, and in the Ming Dynasty, the use of firearms, the offense is also a useful, "Compliance Wing victory" in the Ming Dynasty is equipped with three guns and five streams flow of guns, and "immediately Buddha Lang machine" elite cavalry, in the field of only several thousand of the public on the defeated Taiji tens of thousands of elite cavalry, from the Ning rush to the rescue of the Liaodong North 丨 Beijing cavalry only nine thousand people, because carrying heavy equipment (Ballista) and the lag of five thousand , rushed to the capital under the pre-North 丨 only four thousand people could be tens of thousands of elite cavalry had been hit after the Jin-jun were not able to defeat Zhezhi evening alone, when its follow-up units arrived and together light and heavy artillery fire, they can put a few 10000 trounced after the Jin Jun, this battle is also an example of firearms, one of brute force to overcome wild.
Wanli, took place in North Korea Bi hoof museum encounters are very illustrative, 3,000 people had been eliminated Liaodong cavalry easily with more than 2000 experienced the same in Japan engaged in an elite reconnaissance pioneer outpost. Toyotomi Hideyoshi was later the small hands of the West Bank's most elite 35,000-man siege of the First Army, composed of well-trained army cars Ming defensive play out of the power of artillery. Bloody day, is still consolidating their positions, when the Ming army was too late so coach Li Ru-song follow-up of troop reinforcements to personally lead the Konoe more than 1,000 people rushed to the battlefield that night, near the other branch Ming-jun to rush to the rescue more than 1,000 people, the Japanese lookout retire, the entire Battle of the Japanese military losses up to 7,000 soldiers.
These are then Yu Dayou a continuation of the outcome of the creation of paoche - 100 paoche, Buji 3,500 people at an Ag loses tens of thousands of Tatar cavalry fort can be seen, when the brute force of firearms wins already showing results. Zhao Zhen in the "Artifact spectrum Yee Rui-fang Krupp truck," he wrote: "Once these vehicles with sharp prisoner shall not rely their bravery, Krupp MA shall state its Chipin, SHI Jin Ji Gong Shi nothing, nothing A knife with its kenny is a prisoner who long to make the best skills I have hiding. I am out of China due to the length of the technology in order to. "
Later, the Ming forces in dealing with the reason why, when the cavalry after the payment difficulties, not because there is no way to deal with, but because the majority of the military tactics and equipment with poor, is to train and command issues.
As the Ming armies lack of training, not to mention multi-arms with the formation of war to, even in the hands of the effectiveness of firearms are very difficult to play, and sometimes, ironically, become cumbersome, at the expense of mobility, multi-they gave up the sword and bow horse training, Ming-jun, In the "Life and Death 500 meters," a distance often is "Firearms salvo," and even as far away does not reflect the composition of Yongli principle: "God machine gun home prior to Colts home, the striker should be less frequent after the team should be close, Feng Shu is reached, then the solid matrix density ", the fighting started," first in order to destroy the gun front, followed by red riding their kin. " The operational principle is that Zhu Di eight years in view of Yongle (1410) of Henan foreign crusades Mobei A Lutai a defeat after World War lessons learned.
Lack of training and poor command of the army, often because there is no more arms of close coordination and protection, does not reflect the tactics and methods, the results would tend to defeat the post-gold cavalry known for speed. However, the latter a case of well-trained cavalry Jin Ming army, immediately staged Eight-Tu 丨 its killing scene, after the King several times unsuccessfully to attack Ning are the same end, in the "compliance Wing victory" at the North 丨Under the capital enjoyed the same treatment is also a pity that such a Ming Dynasty military elite are not many, and some are also traitors to help after the Jin-jun ... ...
More important thing is that many traitors who defected to the side after the Jin Jun, carrying a Ming artillery technology and a large number of modern artillery, hole, Geng is because the band has passed two gun technology after sealing a different surname, Wang. Gun technology is exacerbated by the loss of 500 meters Zhen Qian, because infantry firearms, as well as cars intensive fire shooting is bound to intensive team-based, once the other party has more than guns and short guns armed 丨 (Buddha Lang machine) with a range distance of Long guns (red barbarian artillery), intensive team model will be penalized, but also because of the Ming Dynasty army with artillery, therefore the mobility is poor, especially when the raids and sabotage operations in the event of insufficient capacity, the latter known for the ultimate riding and shooting will be Organic Jin-jun by.
In addition, the late Ming dynasty, Wanli era that lasted until the market from the late Chongzhen-long drought in more than 70 years, as well as drought and triggered the northern Gyeonggi Province is also the impact of the severe plague of army's combat power and the Ming Ming important reasons of national strength, or not so Li Zicheng easy to enter the capital of North 丨 such natural disasters, the main reason for demise of the Ming Dynasty.
In the late Ming Dynasty, land of the Buddha Lang machine (short gun) than the red barbarians guns (long guns) firing rate faster, but the range is not enough, is a recent anti-weapons, but when the sea battle, as a short shot of the Buddha Machine is much better than Red Lang Yi shot advantage. Comparing the British built in 1637, "Sea King" was the same period of Zheng Chenggong's warships and cannon three-masted ship, we will find that the short gun is actually a very good gun.
Zheng Chenggong "gun three-masted ship" is a large blessing ship its "tree three-masted, mainmast high four ten feet, the captain 20 Joe Hung Yi gun 8, extremely heavy Buddha Lang machine 40.
Britain's "Sea King" was started in January 1636 was the design, January 16 at Woolwich shipyard, was launched in October 1637, the main designer Pater just wanted to ship equipped with 90 guns, but Charles I was hard gun should increase the number of 104 (total weight 153 tons), making it the largest warship then weighs 1683 tons, in the low deck and main deck shelves 30 guns, 26 in the upper deck was added to our guns. Upstairs there in the first 12 guns, semi-deck doors on 14 guns, as well as 10 guns and a number of the end of the bow guns ... ...
The number of guns is not the end of a total of only 92 guns, if it is 1.5 tons of 12-pound guns, they have 138 tons, leaving a number of the end of that 6-pound artillery guns could be because the British navy's 24 pounds guns to 2 tons, 32 pounds for the 2.5-ton gun, and the remaining 12 guns only 15 tons of weight, even 12-pound cannon are.
Zheng Chenggong gun three-masted ship "Flemingia Buddha Lang" is the kind of heavy artillery, Zheng Chenggong Quanzhou has received based on a Ming dynasty (1521 -1,567 years) 丨 system made of "hair Gong" a lot of imitation heavy artillery, its "re-jin, playing the heavy 24 kg, as far as 45 years" from the weight of the "Flemingia Buddha Lang machine" is no doubt that the British artillery projectiles are all divided by the pounds, because it is artillery in the manifestation of power, while the Zheng Chenggong's "Flemingia Lang Buddha Machine" projectile weight 24 kg, 0.9072 pounds = 1 pound, 24 pounds = 26 丨 .45 pounds, we can see Zheng Chenggong this artillery guns than the United Kingdom's 24 pounds was even more severe.
The British Navy's 24 pounds in the 100-meter guns firing solid shot distance can also penetrate the 5-foot-thick oak, if only some 12 pounds guns "Sea King" was, how, and has a 40 gun ship 26 pounds confrontation? Furthermore there are eight red barbarian gun ~! Most of the red barbarians cannon at 3 meters long and weighs 2 tons, and nearly 32 pounds guns, than the "extremely heavy Lang Buddha Machine" still strong, "sea king" was shot only 12 pounds how to fight? And how to cope with?
British Army regulations stringent requirements can not be much fire in the 400 yards (365.76 meters), so when the showdown is Liangjian melee, do not been trying to cheap, 12 pounds for 26 pounds artillery guns, 100 meters from the other side penetrated 5 feet oak, are you all right? If you line, people in the 150 meters on the topical 8 shelled red barbarians you ... ...
Moreover, the late Ming dynasty naval tactics and methods is also very advanced, Zheng Chenggong was "Dragon Gong gun" post-gun ship, a specially designed placement of this gun, this gun after boat called the "Long Gong boat." In such a ship, before and after placement a Long Gong guns, naval navy only solution when using Zheng's territorial waters of the "55" system warships formation and command system, namely the use of "Five-Point Plum Stone Sentinel Maze," will be the other side "linear queue "is divided into paragraphs to form a partial siege after the Clippers set up with lightweight heavy artillery firing to the stern (Raking Fire), this tactic than the British navy to dominate the world," Nelson tactics "(Nelson touch) appeared as early as 100 years ... ...
Can wait until the 1793, the United Kingdom Macartney mission to visit the Qing Dynasty, Zheng He treasure ship from the sea at this time for almost 400 years (1405 -1433), the distance of Wanli Ming-jun 500 ships destroyed 450 Japanese Navy Battle 195 naval vessels in the exposed beams, the distance from the Ming navy five-set victory over Dutch maritime driver launched into the South China Sea, all of Japan's naval supremacy in East Asia 154 years, China has declined to navigation were looked down upon and ridiculed them reached a point where ... ...
At that time the British Mission, "surprised to find China's sailing very strong, due to shallow draft vessels can not withstand strong winds hit 丨 attack," they thus reached the conclusion that "China simply not suited to the construction of ships sailing", Avishai Macartney issued such a sigh, "the Chinese people for the first time saw the ship in Europe so far has been 250 years, they made no secret of our appreciation of maritime technology, but they never imitated our shipbuilding process or navigation. They stubborn ignorance ancestors followed their clumsy method, because no country in the world more than China needs sailing skills, which Chinese people's inertia is more unbelievable. " (The above quote from "stagnation, empire - the impact of both worlds," Peyrefitte book)
Through the British envoy's account, see Ming Empire as a military maritime and trading power of the glory and honor has been ruined, what sort of look like a ~! Alas, the time the British navy to dominate the world, "Nelson tactics" (Nelson touch) still does not appear ... ...
If the Chinese civilization has not been subjected to the invasion after the King, by virtue of mature naval tactics, and a strong ability to trade (the West Bank assessment of China as a pump), a strong industrial base (yes million tons of iron production in the country), geographical knowledge-rich ( " Yu to Mountain and Sea Map "," Yu map "," Shanhai Yu and whole-map "," winding-degree map ", as well as drawn by Matteo Ricci in China," Kun Yu Wan Kwok-chuen map "), Western research in this (late Ming yes the climax of translation of Western works, a total of 7000 kinds of Western books into China), have every reason to believe that the Chinese civilization, will most likely show some additional scenes.
Here are some tricky question comes, in fact, even if the development of capitalism is not ideal, but the development of firearms to the Ming dynasty reached its peak, the late Ming and the art of war, such as "military record", "Artifact spectrum", "military preparations Zhi", "Sifa God machine", "Huo Gong Zhi to be," "raise charts compiled", "Force's plans, said," "Fire Dragon Artifact Stone Sentinel Maze," and other more detailed records of the Ming system of military equipment, firearms, law, maps, as well as firearms, force strength and tactics , after King has also suffered in the early rulers of this the benefits of advanced weapons, not only in the Central Plains and Southern regions of advanced firearms is the weapon of Qing in Xinjiang have advantages such as riding and shooting guns with opponents of the crusade, the same asis because of the advanced gun and let the Qing with the advantage won, hit Galdan battle, that is, to use artillery to destroy the Galdan camel array, but why then has been on the decline of ignorance level? After the gold in the final analysis because of fear of the rulers of powerful firearms, firearms technology endlessly confidential, production suppression, and limit the military use of firearms, the development of complacency, leading to a major setback.
Qing Emperor Kangxi, the Qing government ordered the Belgian missionary Ferdinand Verbiest casting guns, "Everlasting Wucheng Great General Gun" is one of the best type of gun. This gun was twenty-eight years of Kangxi (168 丨 9 years) the completion of casting, is a bronze cannon, heavy three tonnes, gunner 310 cm, diameter 12.5 cm, medication 5 jin (jin), health formolongi son 10 tendon;
The Ferdinand Verbiest built the red barbarian artillery diameter or length or in terms of forging technology for both do not see the red barbarian than the Ming Dynasty, an advanced artillery.
As early as the late Ming Dynasty Wanli 丨 started making very large number of red barbarian artillery, as a business associate Jing Huang, Ke-Rong Zheng Zuan, that he had recruited to cast "a huge bronze statue of Luzon gun" craftsmen to Beijing, cast all kinds of artillery, 2 18, which weighs 3000 pounds more than those.
Quanzhou in Fujian Province History Museum to see the sea to pay a red barbarians Lilium, on which there are inscriptions reads: "A revelation four years of mid-winter, imperial Du Fu Zhejiang 〔〕 Duzao" character, even though it had been amputated in the first half, but stillvolume of obtaining the inner diameter of about 14cm.
In Xiamen 胡里山炮台 has a diameter 13.5cm, length of 310cm between the imitation of the apocalyptic red barbarians Lilium, the two guns for three years than those revealed by the Guangdong and Guangxi Governor Hu Ying-Tai Xie Jin, the British ship more than 20 iron gatesgun (with a diameter of 12.5cm, length 300cm) was also great.
In addition, in Shenyang, Liaoning Provincial Museum collection "was set Liaoning General", the guns are supplied by Wu Sangui in Chongzhen fifteen donors casting, total length of about 380cm, diameter of 10cm, the gun or the existing mainland China Hong Yi gun the longest one."Based on current general metalworking history textbooks, according to both the 1860s the United States military t 丨 homas j rodman in the Civil War, had to invent a cannon cast the new law, the law uses hollow model, and in which the import of cooling water, this method that isbarrel from the inside out, iron can solidify Suozhu the guns could be greater, and its durability can be achieved the previous five to a few times, core body casting method of copper while the use of two kinds of metal, but the principle is very close to rodman law shape, but the Ming Dynasty, "scheduled for Liao General" rodman earlier than the emergence of more than two centuries. "(" Huang Yi-nung: Hung Yi War cannons and the Ming and Qing Dynasties ")
丨 drug formulations from a fire point of view,
Ratio of the early Ming Huo 丨 drugs: "Glass was 78.7%, sulfur 7.9%, 13.4% charcoal"
Fire 丨 drug ratio of the mid-Ming: "nitrate 75.8% Sulfur 10.6 Charcoal 13.6%"
Very close to - "75:10:15" in the best ratio.
The Qianlong period, the proportion of the fire 丨 high nitrate drugs, more than 80%, while the charcoal is too low, such as baking charcoal in the proportion of drug as low as 2.07%, it is obvious that formula far less reasonable and the Ming Dynasty, showing a sign of retrogression.
The middle and late Qing Dynasty, built more guns in the late there have been dramatic setback. "Jiaqing four years (1799) have modified 160 of the Ming dynasty" God cannon ", and renamed the" victorious guns ", but released by the trial and found a range of surprisingly not as good as the old guns." ( "Huang Yi-nung: Red War cannons and the Ming and Qing Yi ")
Note that if North Korea artillery "No", then does it mean that even the Ming dynasty, the Qing Dynasty did not like it?
Yi Qing Dynasty of red cannon has not been effective technology innovation, simply try to increase the weight, in order to increase the range, artillery system 丨 making process is far behind the West. The first crow 丨 films during the war, heavy artillery fortress Humen 8000 kg, with a range not as gun British warship, the second crow 丨 film War, Jiangyin fortress even equipped with a 10000 pounds Lilium "Yao Wei Great General." These guns seem awe-inspiring, in fact a range not as good as the Ming Dynasty who imported red barbarian artillery.In addition, the combined result of exploding bullets, lost his confrontation with the British forces suffer not small.
Mid-nineteenth century is a great replacement period of the Western arms, artillery technology has vastly improved: the industrial revolution created the industry makes the weapon system used momentum 丨 machine gun to finish on the steel, rifled gun, and after-loading guns have begun to equip the armed forces; artillery firing Theory and practice tactics in the Napoleonic new development; the same time, because of chemical advances, picric acid fried 丨 drugs, no fireworks 丨 drugs and Lei Gong began to apply military and artillery power doubled.
Other hand, the Qing Dynasty, due to Daxing literary inquisition, which led to the Chinese civilization with the simultaneous development of science and technology in the West, vanish into thin air ... ... (Xu Guangqi in 16 丨 34 years with the support of Chongzhen Xiucheng known as "European Classical Astronomy Encyclopedia" and "Chongzhen almanac" a year ago, in 1633, Galileo was sentenced to life imprisonment for the Holy See, and his later years have been disastrous, but Xu Guangqi in his later years as the University of the East Tower with disabilities and Wenyuan Pavilion scholar, more than 7,000 volumes of books into China of Western learning, Western Learning in the ascendant Unfortunately, the Ming Dynasty in the 16 丨 perished 44 years, Chinese civilization has suffered invasion after the King destroyed 16 丨 43 years Newton was born in Britain, and he later created an adult to send classical physics, is Western civilization into a new era of technological revolution landmark.)
In the absence of new technological revolution, the Qing artillery, still use clay Fan-cast gun, resulting in a large number of trachoma gun body, deep-fried frequently bore, bore machining is also very rough, quasi-Xin Zhao door no longer exists, exploding bullets, also lost, lack of scientific the shooting grounds of technical knowledge Bingyong inferior Ming Dynasty! Two hundred years ago, or "advanced" equipment Ming Hong Yi cannons in the Qing dynasty two centuries has been senile, scenery is not and can not resist the invasion by Western powers.
In addition, the Buddha Lang machines, exploding bullets, lost is a big loss.
In fact, Buddhism is a kind of iron cannon Lang after-loading smoothbore cannon, and some very thick belly gun, the general shift in the gun breech with the barrel on the rudder used to have sight, and sight. Buddha Lang machine guns structure can be summarized as two points: 1. After-loading guns 2. 丨 scheduled drug loading. Buddha Lang machine guns have four major advantages, speed fast, cooling quickly to determine the capacity of sub-guns, artillery belly of longer life expectancy. However, limited by the skill level at that time, the Buddha Lang machine guns are also unable to overcome the drawback, which is a sub-gun and artillery belly big gap tolerances, resulting in a fire 丨 drug gas leak, so do not have the red barbarians long-range artillery.
Ming Dynasty is the Lang machine guns attached great importance to the Buddha, but the import of small multi-imitation, and imitation guns of various specifications complete, the Buddha Lang machine guns performance is ahead of, and with the red cannon complementary, but in the Qing dynasty, military blindly seeking in a range of firearms, heavy and light Buddha Hong Yi Lang machine, so to the eighteenth-century Qing army had not?? lost.
Even more shameful is that the late Qing Dynasty, a few famous people have trouble a joke, which further demonstrates that the Qing Dynasty ignorance and ignorance, Tseng Kuo-fan, Li, Zuo be able to utter the least known of the Qing Dynasty also understood that the number of ordnance and Westernization, in which even advocates of Westernization Movement, is able to represent the highest Qing military technology knowledgeable people, but they actually had trouble uniting a joke ... ...
Crow 丨 war films at the time the Qing Ding Gongchen firearms experts do not know why things exploding bullets;
Tseng Kuo-fan of the re-establishment of Anqing, the introduction of Western-style ordnance exploding bullets;
Li surprise to the German Krupp arsenal Order "exploding bullets";
To 19 the World 70's, Tso Governor Division westwards Xinjiang, Fengxiang County in Shaanxi had a "archaeological dig," suddenly from a Ming Dynasty fort ruins excavated over a hundred pieces of exploding bullets, can not help but be filled with emotion, exclaimed: " sharp object into China three hundred years of men, so that some people pay attention, and this time, where ethnic aspect to the island of the sea, a few decades of this proud embrace me? "
This is the Qing dynasty's military technological standards, are not lost to the foreigners that possible?
But it is worth mentioning that this golden rule for many years after the Tso is also under the point of ignorance to the poor, the Ming is not the introduction of exploding bullets, but rather self-developed, the Qing Dynasty is not the slightest ability to innovate is why we mistakenly think that as long as the advanced something that is parked for items.
Western flower bombs on the missile body in the cast iron to open a port to a wooden "fuses" plugged in "fuses" built on a slow Ranhuo 丨 drugs to detonate; the Ming Dynasty, the flowering bomb is "the sphere surface has a prominent Taiwan body, height of about 0.6 to 0.7 cm in diameter of about 3 cm in the middle of the table with a diameter of about 0.4 to 0.5 cm of the round hole, "estimated to be stuck in the hole where" medicine twist "to detonate. Therefore, "Information Management", "medicine twist" are the ancestor of modern artillery fuses, but also proved that the East and West is developed independently of exploding bullets.
General Tso's lament indeed pitiable: "a sharp object into China three hundred years of men, so that when people pay attention, and this, what ethnic aspect to the island of the sea, a few decades of this proud embrace me?"
He was wrong, but even more pathetic, "weapon" (exploding bullets) is not "into China three hundred years" but is simply the Ming Dynasty have invented something, after Kim Hatch is the head slave children were killed by exploding bullets.
At that time, not without people "pay attention, and this", but also great people pay attention to this, those people are not people, that is after the gold the invaders themselves, they have been monitoring this very much ... ...
After the invasion began after the payment is "revised history", in order to cover up their ancestors were killed by exploding bullets, disgraceful history, simply shells are destroyed and even the flowers This has been - "Island family aspect the sea, a few decades to rely on This proud I "desolate scene.
So, after the payment of Chinese civilization was indeed from the various aspects of invasion, the formation of a very large step backward, from the artillery technology, geography, navigation, three are also just the epitome of nothing.
Subscribe to:
Post Comments (Atom)
No comments:
Post a Comment